The guide supports transitioning accounting education, training, and certification from a knowledge-based approach to a competency-based approach. Underlying this shift is the expanding expectation for accountants to professional judgment in response to greater transaction complexity, interconnectedness of entities, and broader global influences. The purpose of the guide is to: support understanding the gap between the current skills of many accountants in some regions and the skills that are relevant in increasingly digitized and globalized economies; convey the essential features of Competency-Based Accounting Education, Training andCertification (CBAETC); provide a common reference framework for organizations pursuing CBAETC and the consultants working with them; assist countries in developing in-country plans and implementing in-country processes that produce accountants with higher-order skills relevant to their economy’s rapidly evolving needs; and, ultimately, and improve financial reporting, auditing, and regulation.